Lighthouses have endured the test of time for centuries, guiding mariners through treacherous waters. While some succumbed to natural calamities and wars, others have been resiliently rebuilt, remaining steadfast and tall. Let’s delve into the narratives of some of the oldest structures that stand among the best lighthouses in the world.
Situated amidst lush greens and wilderness, these stunning structures by the sea offer breathtaking vistas of waves crashing against the shores and panoramic views of the sky. Explore our curated list of the finest beacons by the sea, offering a unique blend of maritime history and scenic beauty.
Lighting the way: A world tour of the best lighthouses
Tower of Hercules, Spain
Named after Greek mythology’s popular hero, the Tower of Hercules stands proudly at the entrance of A Coruña harbour in Spain. Believed to be the oldest functional lighthouse in the world, it dates back to the first century (AD). According to UNESCO, the first 34 metres (111.54 feet) of this majestic 55-metre (180.44 feet) structure showcases iconic Roman architecture. The remaining 21 metres (68.89 feet) were restored in the 18th century under the supervision of architect Eustaquio Giannini.
How to reach: Vigo-Peinador Airport is approximately 161 km from A Coruña harbour
Mahabalipuram Lighthouse, India
The historic city of Mahabalipuram in Tamil Nadu is home to both the modern and ancient Mahabalipuram Lighthouses, located very close to each other. The modern one, completed in 1904, contrasts with the old one, dating back to the eighth century, constructed under the reign of Pallava king Mahendravarman I (600-630 CE). This artistic structure on top of the popular Mahishasura Mardini cave temple in Mahabalipuram, also known as the Olakaneeswara temple, is the oldest lighthouse in India. It is part of the Group of Monuments designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984.
How to reach: Chennai International Airport is approximately 56 km from Mahabalipuram
Kõpu Lighthouse, Estonia
This 36-metre structure (118.11 feet), standing about 67 metres (219.81 feet) above the ground, is probably the highest lighthouse along the Baltic Sea. As one of the most important trade routes in Northern Europe passed through the island of Hiiumaa, there was a requirement for a lighthouse to help mariners navigate their way in the Baltic Sea. Due to claims of ship losses by merchants, the construction of Kõpu Lighthouse was undertaken, which spanned approximately 40 years. After undergoing massive changes since its inception in 1531, a new LED system was introduced in 2020.
How to reach: Tartu Airport is approximately 108 km away from Kõpu
Eddystone Lighthouse, UK
Located approximately 22 km off Plymouth in the English Channel, Eddystone Lighthouse has been built four times, each reconstruction prompted by damages from storms and fires. The first, made from timber by Henry Winstanley in 1698, was followed by the second, made of oak and iron, designed by John Rudyerd. The third one was built by John Smeaton using interlocking stones, and the current one, standing tall at 40 metres (133 feet), was designed by Sir James N. Douglass in 1882.
How to reach: Bristol Airport is approximately 112 km from Plymouth
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Boston Light, USA
Located on Little Brewster Island overlooking the sea, Boston Light is not only one of the best lighthouses in the world but also one of the oldest functional ones in the United States. Built in 1716, this beautiful white structure has survived numerous challenges, including fire, storms and war, undergoing renovations thereafter. Additionally, it has witnessed various installations and intriguing changes, such as the appointment of Sally Snowman as the first civilian keeper since 1941, also marking the first woman to hold this position.
How to reach: White Plains Airport is approximately 37 km from Little Brewster Island
Portland Head Light, USA
Considered one of the best lighthouses in the world, Portland Head Light, situated in the quaint little town of Cape Elizabeth in Maine, is a picturesque gem. First lit up on January 10, 1791, the lighthouse stands amidst lush greens and vibrant flowers, offering a breathtaking view of the sea. Waves crash against unique rock formations made of quartzite and dark grey phyllite. Portland Head Light also houses a museum, open daily during designated visiting hours. The lighthouse, however, opens to the public annually, only on Maine Open Lighthouse Day.
How to reach: Portland Airport is approximately 9 km from Cape Elizabeth
Heceta Head Lighthouse, USA
For adventurous souls seeking a cosy stay away from the city hustle, Heceta Head Lighthouse on the Oregon Coast provides a unique experience. Named after Don Bruno de Heceta, who set out on a secret journey to the West Coast for the Queen of Spain in 1775, the lighthouse emitted its first beam in 1894. The Heceta Lighthouse Bed & Breakfast offers more than just a delectable breakfast spread; it provides guided walks to the lighthouse, where you can see the beams from the historical First Order Fresnel Lens.
How to reach: Southwestern Oregon Regional Airport is approximately 58 km from Oregon Coast
Hook Lighthouse, Ireland
Termed as the ‘oldest intact operational lighthouse in the world’ by its official website, Hook Lighthouse was built by Knight William Marshal around 800 years back in Wexford. Immerse yourself in the rich historical past of Ireland’s Ancient East through guided tours. Climbing the 115 steps of this tower rewards you with mesmerising views of the sea. Additionally, the cafe located at the former principal keeper’s cottage serves amazing gustatory delights.
How to reach: Waterford Airport is approximately 74 km from Wexford
Tourlitis Lighthouse, Greece
Resembling a magical tower from a fantasy fiction film, the Tourlitis Lighthouse in Greece stands out as one of the most photographed among the best lighthouses in the world. Originally built from a castle in Andros in 1897, it underwent reconstruction in the nineties after being destroyed during World War II. The spiral stairs of the rocky structure, set amid turquoise waters, add to the mystique surrounding the Tourlitis Lighthouse.
How to reach: Athens International Airport approximately 122 km from Andros
South Stack Lighthouse, UK
Built by Trinity House in 1809 on an islet off Anglesey in Wales, South Stack Lighthouse is a haven for avian enthusiasts. Other than offering a high chance of spotting seabirds such as guillemots, razorbills and puffins, it provides spectacular views. If you are accompanied by children, note that the structure has a height restriction of 1.1 metres (3.6 feet) for a comfortable climb.
How to reach: Liverpool Airport is approximately 95 km from Anglesey
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(Feature image credit: Anibal Trejo/Shutterstock)
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the significance of a lighthouse?
It is a tower built along the seashore to guide mariners, alerting them to possible hazards and aiding navigation.
Which one is considered the most iconic globally?
Some of the most iconic ones include Spain’s Tower of Hercules, Greece’s Tourlitis Lighthouse and the USA’s Heceta Head Lighthouse.
Are there lighthouses that are open to the public for tours?
Yes, most of them are open to the public for tours during fixed visiting hours.
Can I climb to the top of these structures for panoramic views?
Yes, you can climb to the top of most of them for panoramic views during the visiting hours.
Which are some of the oldest lighthouses that are still in operation today?
Spain’s Tower of Hercules and Ireland’s Hook Lighthouse are some of the oldest ones that are still operational.
Are there any haunted lighthouses?
According to some reports, the South Stack Lighthouse in the UK is believed to be haunted.
Which ones are famous for their architectural design?
The Tower of Hercules in Spain and the Tourlitis Lighthouse in Greece are known for their stunning architecture.
Can I stay overnight in a lighthouse?
While staying inside one is generally not permitted, some, like the Heceta Head Lighthouse in the USA, allow visitors to stay inside the keeper’s house for a unique experience.
Are there trails or routes to explore multiple lighthouses in one journey?
Yes, you can explore many in one journey, especially if they are close to each other, such as the two (old and modern) in Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu, India.
Written By
Pyusha Chatterjee
A journalist, Pyusha has previously worked with media organisations including The New Indian Express and Hindustan Times. A solo traveller by choice, she loves exploring life more than anything else, after food of course. When she isn't gardening, writing, reading, cooking or singing out loud, you can spot her watching films and series, debating with ..Read More
